Regeneration Units

Fuel regeneration is a process designed to restore fuel quality following its operational use.

This regeneration can be carried out in several ways, depending on the type of fuel and its state.
For example, for diesel fuel, a regeneration process involving specialized filters and purification systems can be used to eliminate impurities, sulfur, and paraffin-containing substances from the fuel. It is also possible to utilize specialized additives capable of restoring the fuel's chemical and physical properties.

For gasoline, a dehydration process can be used to remove water and other impurities from the fuel. Additionally, catalytic purification and adsorption processes can be deployed to further upgrade gasoline quality.
Regeneration facilitates the removal of sulfur and paraffins, extends the oil's operational lifespan against aging, and clarifies liquids. This not only enhances overall quality but also delivers a premium commercial appearance.

Fuel regeneration may consist of the following steps:

• Removal of impurities and contaminants. This process is executed via filtration, distillation or other advanced purification methods.
• Quality control is performed after fuel regeneration to ensure that the product meets the required fuel specifications.
• Storage and transportation. Regenerated fuel must be stored and transported in accordance with safety requirements.
• Application. Regenerated fuel is used to power internal combustion engines and other energy installations.

Fuel regeneration after cracking.

Fuel regeneration after cracking is a process designed to restore the properties of fuel obtained through cracking to a level that meets fuel quality requirements. This process involves various methods for removing impurities and contaminants, leading to the improvement of fuel quality.

Pressurized liquid regeneration line.

This regeneration method is carried out by passing the liquid under pressure through sorption columns with either top or bottom product feed. A pump delivers the product under low pressure through a column containing a sorbent, which typically features fractions of 0.2–0.7; 0.2–1; and 0.7–2. The sorption vessels (columns) can be connected in series (i.e., the product passes from the top through the first column, exits from the bottom, and enters the next column from the top via a pipeline, and so on) or they can be connected independently of each other, i.e., in parallel.

Vacuum-based liquid regeneration and purification line.

Sorption purification systems clean and clarify dark diesel fuel and heating oil, remove sulfur and hydrogen sulfide compounds, and easily clarify gas condensate from resins and impurities. Following purification, the fuels meet applicable standards and a high cleanliness class, while unpleasant odors, such as hydrogen sulfide and other aromas, are completely removed.

There is no single generally developed technological process for industrial application. Instead, the equipment offers three operational methods for purification through a sorbent media.
The unit operates on the principle of continuous agitation of a fine-fraction sorbent (0.0–0.2 mm) throughout the entire volume of the product, performed either mechanically (circulation) or by an air compressor.
The second operating principle of the units is the vacuum filtration method using sorbent fractions of 0.0–0.2, 0.2–0.4, and 0.2–0.7 mm, where the product is drawn through the sorbent under the influence of a vacuum negative pressure (i.e., vacuum-suctioned).

Liquid regeneration and purification line via acid treatment.

A 96% solution of sulfuric acid is used to purify fuels and oils from hydrocarbons, resinous, and nitrogen compounds. It is added in an amount not exceeding 0.5–1.0% of the volume of the feedstock being treated. After this, the liquid undergoes phase separation: a purified layer remains on top along with acid residues, while a thick, black, viscous mass (acid tar) settles at the bottom. Alkalis (mainly caustic soda) can be used to neutralize the acid.
Furthermore, alkalis can be used to remove organic acids, hydrogen sulfide, phenols, and mercaptans. The substances formed as a result of caustic soda treatment are usually soluble in water and can be removed from the fuel together with the aqueous alkali solution.